Ethnic Groups and Discrimination- Native Americans

Ethnic Groups and Discrimination Native Americans The ethnic group that I choose was Native Americans. I am of Caucasian descendant with Native American from my dad’s side. I really want to learn more about my heritage and family background. The Native Americans didn’t participate in discrimination; they were affected by people discriminating against them. The immigration of Indian American has taken place in several waves since the first Indian American came to the United States in the 1700’s. Indians are among the largest ethnic groups legally immigrating to the United States. When white people first landed on the east coast, they pushed the Native Americans back with peace treaties, trade agreements and if that failed, violence.†¦show more content†¦Native Americans were subjected to dual labor market conditions during the 19th century. Although Native Americans sometimes willingly participated in the labor market, it is also clear that they were not always willing participants. Environmental justice issues are not solely about disparate health or economic effects; it also applies when the cultural and historical resources of protected groups are potentially affected by a federally funded transportation project. Native American Tribes are different than other minority groups affected by the environmental impacts of transportation projects. Interactions among tribes, the FHWA, and State DOTs should be structured as a government-to-government relationship. Consultation with tribes is therefore different from traditional public involvement outreach. Reaching out to tribes is still crucial if Federal and State agencies want to be sure that environmental justice concerns are understood and addressed. A determined effort to end the effective redlining of Native homelands began in the second half of the 1990s, with many promises made and some actual progress. However, much of that progress seems to have evaporated in the implosion of the mortgage market. Most redlining was targeted towards African Americans. While Indians enjoy all the privileges of citizenship, including the franchise, theirShow MoreRelatedDiversity And America’S Social Debt With Ethnic Minorities.1697 Words   |  7 PagesDiversity and America’s social debt with ethnic minorities The Fifth Amendment of the Bill of Rights (1791) included in the Constitution of the Unites States (US) declares that â€Å"No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.† Later, President Roosevelt during his campaign address of October 13, 1932, certainly stated that the â€Å"government is responsible for its citizens welfareRead MoreEthnic Modifiers And The American Identity1151 Words   |  5 PagesAs a result, many people have started using ethnic modifiers before the word American. Not only do immigrants use hyphenation, but also the native born citizens. 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Frankenstein Blade Runnar Essay - 925 Words

Module A Satvik Sekhar Although the comparative study of texts in time offers insight into humanity’s changing values, it is the portrayal of common, contextually resonating concerns which continue to engage us timelessly. Despite their divergent media and compositional milieus, Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein (1818) and Ridley Scott’s film Blade Runner (1982) share ongoing anxieties regarding unrestricted technological growth and social decay. By examining these texts together as social commentaries which are shaped by their Regency and contemporary contexts, we come to a heightened understanding of human nature and its flaws. When considered together with Blade Runner, Shelley’s early 19thC novel Frankenstein reveals ongoing social†¦show more content†¦However, the darkly filtered panoramic shot of the futuristic Los Angeles as a hellish megalopolis scattered with fire-erupting towers further critiques the grim impact of industry on the natural world. It accentuates the 19thC Romantic ideologies that elevate nature as a healing force in Shelley’s Frankenstein to ease Victor’s â€Å"painful state of mind†, as peaceful imagery is created as he ventures â€Å"into the Alps† following the news of William’s death. Such a connection highlights nature’s capacity to provide spiritual renewal, without which society is plunged into a dystopian state. This is seen through the use of colossal corporate edifices as props that dominate the mis-en-scene and accentuate Scott’s condemnation of a Reagonomic society where â€Å"commerce is the goal†. Th ey ultimately advocate the importance of nature that Romantics from Shelley’s context so strongly valued, allowing Scott to hence mark contemporary society as a hyper-industrialised institution saturated with corporate ideologies. Acting as a cautionary tale against humanity’s materialistic desires, Frankenstein confirms that texts are shaped by their contexts as it conveys the deterioration of traditional social structure due to the 19thC Industrial Revolution. Shelley vilifies the decline of

How to Reduce Stress Free Essays

1. In today’s smaller Air Force, members are finding themselves doing more with less. This in-turn has caused numerous stressful situations on and off duty. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Reduce Stress or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is incumbent for Air Force members to recognize, treat, and eliminate stress whenever practical to increase morale and mission accomplishment. This paper will cover the emotional, behavioral, and physical signs of stress as well as importance of job stress management in treating and/or eliminating stress. 2. Before we can begin to reduce stress, we must be able to recognize indicators that lead to or help identify stress. Air Force psychologist Capt. Neil S. Hibler has developed a list of early warning signs (2:19). For our purposes we will discuss only a couple from each category. First, from the emotional category, is apathy. Apathy is the doldrums. Things you normally enjoy are no longer pleasurable. Along with apathy is mental fatigue. Being unable to concentrate or staying focus are only a couple of examples of mental fatigue. Emotional signs are very important to recognize, because if they are not noticed early on and addressed, behavioral or even physical problems can surface. The behavioral category signs include: being late to work, poor appearance, and being accident prone are just a few examples of administrative problems. Legal problems are even more evident, such as, traffic tickets, indebtedness, and inability to control violent impulses. As you can see, these signs of stress become more serious the longer TSgt Adams/H-Flt/0805/pfa/19 Jul 97 they go untreated or reduced. Finally, is the physical category; possibly the most serious of all. Stress not only effects the psyche of an individual, but the physical side of ones’ being can also be altered. Ailments such as: headaches, insomnia, nausea, changes in appetite, and sexual problems can persist during times of stress. The individual may seek relief from stress by self-medicating and develop a dependence on chemicals that are harmful to the body. These signs are just a few of the more recognizable. Other signs can be very subtle and even more dangerous to the individual and others. This is why it is paramount to detect stress early and if possible treat, reduce, or eliminate before damage is done. 3. Once signs of stress are identified, it is time to tackle them with a few job stress management techniques outlined in â€Å"The Relaxation Stress Reduction Handbook† (2:211). A 1985 study conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics found that more than 50% of workers surveyed experienced moderate to heavy stress on the job. To effectively combat work-related stress, you first need to identify symptoms and sources of job related stress. This can be accomplished by taking and scoring the survey in the handbook. Next, you need to keep a log on how you respond to your specific job stressors. Label four columns: stressor, feelings, thoughts, and behavior. After you have completed these task, setting goals and motivation is next. Set goals to respond more effectively to your job stressors. Develop a plan to react to stress you can anticipate or even avoid altogether. The idea here is to gain more control of your work environment. Rewards are a very important part of motivation. Create a specific reward for every goal you establish and make sure to give yourself the time to enjoy your reward. The next area to consider is more difficult for most of us. Dealing with your boss, negotiating with co- workers, and changing your thinking can be used to your advantage to help reduce stress. Don’t side step these ideas, use them! The last two strategies to consider in job stress management are; pace and balance yourself, and know when to quit. Pace at your own tempo. Don’t burn yourself out. This is one of the leading causes of stress at work. To effectively integrate job stress management into your daily lifestyle could take months, in just a day you can identify your job stressors and your responses to them. Getting started is the key! 4. We have discussed identifying stress by looking for: emotional, behavioral, and physical signs of stress. Then, more importantly, we discussed ways to: treat, reduce, or eliminate stress by applying techniques used in job stress management. Job stress accounts for billions of dollars lost annually in productivity, wages, and medical bills. Americans now know that job stress management makes personal and financial sense. How to cite How to Reduce Stress, Essay examples

Applied Hospitality

Question: Write an essay on Emirate business model. Answer: Introduction The heart of the commercial success of Emirate Airlines is their solo Emirate business model. The main ingredients of this strategy are a lean workforce, which contributes low cost carrier and the use of a flat organizational structure that allow the Emirate Airline in order to maintain low overhead costs. Based on the analysis of Grimme (2011), it is found that Emirate Airlines is second only to the Ryanair due to its lower operating costs (based on Dubai economy). This low operating cost enables Emirate Airlines to serve secondary destinations profitability by connecting these through its global hub in Dubai. The airlines giant of Middle East Emirate Airlines started their journey in 1985. Till 1985 the Emirate Airlines offers their services alone and has not joined with any airline alliance. The Emirate Airlines is a part of Emirates Group that is under the complete authorization of the Government of Dubai. This is the largest airlines group of Middle East, which operates more tha n 3400 flights in every week. This company has developed a brand name, which is popular worldwide. The goals of the Emirates Airlines are to reach on top by excelling what they do. On the other hand, the mission of the Emirate Airlines is to exist and deliver the world's best flight service. The vision of Emirate Airlines is to make civil aviation safe, leading and sustainable. According to Demil Lecocq (2010), it is recognized that Emirate Airlines operates an all-wide body fleet, which is largely composed of Boeing 777s and Airbus A380s. The service of the all-wide body also results contributing to lower unit costs in comparison with other large airlines services that provide a mixed service of wide and narrow body fleets. According to Bergstrm et al. (2011), it is found, unlike other international airports Dubai International Airport does not have any restrictions on the night flight schedule. Therefore, Emirates managed to achieve better utilization of its airline's services th an their competitors. From the survey it is also recognized that this Airlines service has a lower staff cost than that of the longer-established competitors. According to (Nyarko, 2010), there are no unions; therefore, the occurrence of labour unrest is a rare incident for Emirate Airlines. Therefore, it can be said that the Emirate Airlines is more advantageous position than that of the rival companies. Therefore, it is significant to analyze the airlines service strategy used by the Emirate Airlines. Following is the brief of the marketing strategy of the Emirate Airlines, which will be helpful to find out the steps, which taken by the Emirate Airlines to survive in the international market. Discussion The Emirate Airlines is a well known brand name, and their customer satisfaction rate is higher than any other competitor airlines services (OConnell, 2011). However, while analyzing the growing market of Emirate Airlines in New Zealand, it is found that this airline still has some tangible goals that need to meet. In order to achieve "the Finest in the Sky" position in New Zealand, the Emirate Airlines set their goals, which are as follows- Retain and making improvement in the market share of business class travelers. The increment of market shares from 45% to 55%. Increase companys return on investment Huge promotion of Dubai Tourism International Gate in New Zealand. The top competitors of Emirate Airlines are as follows- Gulf Airlines Air New Zealand Hawaiian Airlines Qantas Airways American Airlines Evaluation of service strategy and service culture In order to grow the market in New Zealand, the Emirate Airlines started a day-night service of their air craft. However, it is important to mention that providing services for 24 hours are not enough to sustain the market competition in New Zealand (Dobruszkes Van, 2011). While analyzing the types of services provided by the Emirate Airlines, it is found that the types of services offered by Emirate Airlines can be divided in to three groups. The services offered y Emirate Airlines are as follows- Cabin First Class Business Class Economy Class Airport Services Self-service kiosks are available at the Dubai International Airport as well as in New Zealand. The passengers can check in between two to forty eight hours before boarding on the plain. This procedure may be performed over the counter or at the lounge within the airport (Alserhan, 2010). Cargo Emirates Sky Cargo started in 1985 and considered as the anchored cargo airline at Dubai International Airport. However, only 5-6 aircraft are available for the service of New Zealand airport. Key Partners: Boeing, Airbus, Government of Dubai, Dubai International Airport, AirLanka, Quantas and Codeshare Agreements. Key activities of Emirates Airlines: Ground Handling, Baggage Handling, Aircraft Maintenance and Passenger Services. Key Resources of Emirates Airlines: Fuel, Labour / Staff Customer Relationships: Skywards, Business Rewards Channels of booking ticker: Online, Airports, Travel Agents. Cost Structure: Fuel, Airport User Charges, Staff / Labour, Taxes, Depreciation and Operations Revenue Streams: Passenger, Cargo, Excess Baggage, destination, and leisure. Target market and stake holders Although Emirates Airlines is considered as one of the best airlines service providers, it is found that this organization is facing several challenges while launching their service in their target market "New Zealand." A target market is a market where a company aims to sell their product as well as services (Schmith, 2010). The identification of the target is not only important but also critical for the growth of business. There are six steps that could be followed by the management authority of Emirates Airlines to determine if New Zealand is an ideal target market or not. Understanding the demand The airlines market in New Zealand is captured by several international organizations, such as Gulf Airlines, Air New Zealand, Hawaiian Airlines, Qantas Airways and American Airlines (Sokol, 2013). However, the charges in these flights are too high. Therefore, the Emirates Airlines has an opportunity to launch their quality service at a lower price in this country. Understanding the customer The customers have different choices based on their religion and cultural background. Although a huge number of people live in New Zealand who belongs to different culture, it is found that the number of these people is relatively lower than Australia, the United Kingdom or the United States (Emirates, 2010). Who will gain the value of this service The stake holders of the Emirates Airlines organization will be beneficial and gain the value of this service (Pickering Weber, 2013). The Emirates Airlines offers importance to their customers as they are the valuable stakeholders of this organization. Market Analysis The New Zealand market is considered as one of the most potential market for the airlines companies. To gain access to this market, the Emirates Airlines needs to perform a proper market analysis. Strength and weakness of the company While launching or improving the service in New Zealand the Emirates Airlines needs to analyze their strength and weaknesses (Michael et al., 2011). There is a high competition level in New Zealand market; therefore, the Emirates Airlines needs to focus on their strengths and mitigate the weaknesses as per the business requirement. The Challenges The Emirates Airlines is considered as one of the best airlines service providers. However, like other airlines services this company is also experiencing several challenges (Gustavo, 203). While launching services in New Zealand, the challenges faced by the Emirates Airlines has also increased. New Zealand is a developed country and the market of airlines services in this country is high. On the other hand, the number of existing competitors in this country is also very high. There are more than five rival companies are providing their services in New Zealand. Apart from the existence of the competitors, the Emirates Airlines is going through an extremely challenging time due to the rise of fuel prices, an increase of government taxes and weak demands. Situational Analysis: The Emirates Airlines is admired widely almost in every country because of their dedication and commitment in every aspect of their business especially the customer satisfaction rate. According to Nataraja Al-Aali (2011), Emirates Airlines developed their service strategies at a level that many other companies envy them. According to Barros Wanke (2015), in 2001 the Emirates Airlines announced: "the largest ever order" for the Boeing 777 aircraft in a deal, which worth USD $9 billion. Competitor Analysis: Although the Emirates Airlines have a long chart of competitors both in New Zealand and in other countries, it is recognized that Etihad Airways is one of the worthiest competitors of the Emirates Airlines. According to Bel Fageda (2010), the Etihad Airways is the considered as the national carrier of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This giant international airlines service provider is also found as the carrier of the Abu Dhabi region. This airlines company currently controls a fleet of 55 aircraft. The Etihad Airways shares a code agreement with 23 other airlines, which may include Jet Airlines, Malaysian Airlines, American Airlines and much more. Unlike Etihad Airways, the Emirates Airline does not have a code of agreement with other airlines companies. Therefore, operating solo in New Zealand is not a very easy task for Etihad Airways. The Etihad Airways is giving a fair competition in New Zealand market. Although the main business of the Etihad Airways is international air trans portation, it is found that this company also have a subdivision, called Etihad Crystal Cargo that controls all of the international goods transportation services. According to Hazledine (2011), the Emirates Airlines held almost the same value as the Etihad Airways, but still over achieved the success for the last 25 years. Apart from Etihad Airways, the other competitors of Emirates Airlines are Gulf Airlines, Air New Zealand, Hawaiian Airlines, Qantas Airways and American Airlines. Collaborators of Emirates Airlines: According to Forsyth (2014), the Emirates Airlines is the single giant organization, ho achieved their success without making ant collaborations or joint ventures, however, it is found from the study of (Bronsvoort et al., 2011), that the Emirates Airlines recently made joint ventures with Qantas Airways, which in turn helped to replace Singapore with Dubai as a stopover to London. Apart from the joint venture with Qantas Airways, the Emirates Airlines also have six subsidiaries that may include emirate Holidays, Emirates Tours, Arabian Adventures, congress Solution International and two others. Target market analysis According to Squalli (2014), several tools can be used to perform target market analysis; however one of the best tools that can be used to analyze target market is market segmentation. The target market is also defined as target consumers, which is a certain cluster of customers with the same or similar needs but with different tastes based on their region or cultural background. Market Segmentation The tool, market segmentation is used to divide the market into four main categories such as demographic, psychographic, geographic and behavioral segmentation. After dividing the target, it becomes easier for the management to make several subdivisions, which in turn are helpful to understand consumer demand. After defining the customer demands, the Emirates Airlines can determine their marketing strategy and launch their products in an effective way (Vij Vij, 2012). The demographic segmentation focuses on some specific aspects of the target market such as occupation, gender, sex, age as well as education. According to Bloch (2010), demographic segmentation almost always plays some role in a segmentation strategy. The demographic segmentation is important as it helps to determine the taste or nature of the consumers. The demographic segmentation will be helpful for the Emirates Airlines to determine the charge of their flight tickets as well as other services. On the other hand, the geographic segmentation is helpful to divide market by location. However, it is found that the geographic segmentation is not important in the target market study of Emirates Airlines. On the other hand, the psychographic segmentation is helpful to divide the customers based on lifestyle and culture. It is found that the behavioral segmentation is also helpful to determine the attitude of the customers towards the service offered by Emirates Airlines. Apart from all o f these factors, there are other segmentation criteria that need to be considered while analyzing New Zealand as the potential market for the service offered by Emirates Airlines. These other segmentation criteria may include- Type of the Travellers: Business traveller, traveller on a religious purpose and Leisure traveller, Value: some people value more the convenient flights while others consider price a more significant, Motivation: Various reasons for travelling, Travel Pattern: Frequency, Buying Pattern: online ticket booking or buying ticket from the counter. Apart from these segmentation criteria, the management needs to focus on several other criteria such as Needs and Wants: this may include the primary requirements of the consumers and determine how price sensitive they are (Jang, 2011). Satisfaction is another criterion that needs to be discussed. The satisfaction may include the commitment of the customers towards the Emirates Airlines and the chances of their switching carriers. Based on these criteria the Emirates Airlines will determine the customer segments such as First Class, Business Class, Economy Class and Individuals business. PEST Analysis of Emirates Airlines Political and Legal Environment: According to OConnor Fuellhart (2012), the Emirates Airlines has an agreement with Asian Pacific countries. Apart from this agreement the Emirates Airlines also signed other agreements to facilitate their services as well as the quality of services. According to the study of Ringbeck et al. (2010), it is found that the trades made by the Emirates Airlines have been proved as favorable for the growth of the company. However, in New Zealand, the Emirates Airlines does not have any agreement accept the alliance with Qantas Airways. On the other hand, it is observed that there is less turbulence in the political environment of New Zealand. Therefore, it can be said that the stable political environment s helpful for the business growth of the Emirates Airlines in New Zealand. Economic Environment: According to Cheng et al., (2014), it is recognized that the increment in fuel prices created hurdles for the Emirates Airlines to expand their business in other countries and generate a higher amount of profits. However, it is found from the research study of Al-Ali (2014) that the economy condition of New Zealand is running well. Although, there was an economic turbulence due to the recession from the last couple of years the economy of New Zealand became stronger. The per capita income for the common people of New Zealand is 38,678.41 USD(GDP, 2012). Therefore, it can be said that the chances of business growth in New Zealand for Emirates Airlines are higher. Social and Cultural Environment: According to the study of Alkaabi et al., (2013), The Emirates Airlines so far maintained its cultural and social diversity. They maintained cultural and social diversity through their wide range of services towards the religions, societies and traditions of different countries. The workforces hired by the Emirates Airlines are also diversified based on their cultural and social backgrounds. In New Zealand, the number of people who belongs to different religions is comparably lower than that of Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In addition, the scenic beauty of New Zealand attracts a huge number of tourists from different countries. Therefore, it can be said that the social and cultural environment of New Zealand is favorable for the business growth of Emirates Airlines. Technological Environment: Although the Emirates Airlines installed a lot of modern technologies to enhance the quality service of this airlines company, after analyzing the technologies used by other airlines companies, it can be said that the Emirates Airlines needs to implement more technologies to support their service system. According to Holland (2010), a development in technology can be proved as helpful for the Emirates Airlines to improve the aircraft facilities as well as fuel in order to reduce the wrong impact on the environment due to the Emirates operations. It is found that the company has already spent more than USD 4 million to buy biofuel, which is technically safe for the environment as well as cost effective. Apart from biofuel the Emirates Airlines also invested a huge amount of money to buy new Boeing 747-8F and Airbus A350, which helped them to remain in competitive advantage. Porters Five Analysis The threat of New Customers: New Zealand have lesser barriers for the new companies; therefore, the Emirates Airlines is facing more threat of competitions in New Zealand than in other developed countries. On the other hand, the Emirates Airlines has a high brand value that repeals other competitors. As this organization is a part of the Emirate groups, it has accesses to a large source of capital as oppose to other entrants. In New Zealand, the Emirates Airlines has already established an alliance with Qantas Airways, which is helpful for the entry and expanding business in this country. The bargaining power of the customers: According to Parker (2012), it is recognized that the Emirates Airlines has a buyer volume than any other airlines. On the other hand, this company offered a bargaining leverage towards the customers. This company places different tickets, which include budget and luxury flights for different types of customers. Unlike other airlines companies, the Emirates Airlines can reduce the price of their flight tickets without compromising the quality of their services. According to Schaberg (2012), it is recognized that Emirates Airlines has a higher buyer propensity to charge highly only for luxury services. It is found that this company charges less for the short distance flying, which costs the company more. Therefore, while expanding business in New Zealand, the Emirates Airlines needs to consider the budget allowances for the customers. Bargaining power of the suppliers: There are only two resources for which the Emirates Airlines have to depend on and bargain with the suppliers. According to Aranjo et al. (2012), it is found that the bargaining power of the suppliers is very high as this business depends on only two resources. The Emirates Airlines needs fuels and human resources to carry out their businesses. However, the rising price, as well as crisis of fuel, pushed this company backward; the Emirates Airlines started searching for substitute fuel. Due to the limited supply of alternate fuels (bio fuels) as well as the limited number of suppliers the Emirates Airlines is facing problems to handle bargain of the suppliers. The threat of Substitute services: there are two factors that play a major role to the increasing costs of the company. These two factors are budget and luxury can cause huge price differences. It is recognized that huge price differences have occurred due to service offered by the Emirates Airlines. Competitive rivalry: A total number of 37 airlines are considered as the potential competitor of the Emirates Airlines services. However, in New Zealand, it is found that the number of competitors is only six. There is diversity among the competitors, which may include international flyers, global flyers, and domestic flyers. Fuel and capital costs are identified as the exit barriers. SWOT analysis of Emirates Airlines Strength: The huge brand value of the Emirates Airlines is beneficial for the company. The huge size of the company can also be considered as his strength The Emirates Airlines concentrates more on diversified market The decision of entering in the cargo market made the Emirates Airlines economically stronger than other companies. Weaknesses: Due to high competition, it is difficult to invade and capture New Zealand market. The Emirates Airlines does not offer a better facility towards the budget traveler and middle class. A certain number of diversification and other approaches were failed Opportunity: With the development of hospitality management, the Emirates Airlines have a better opportunity to recruit more staffs who are well trained and are able to provide better quality service. The innovative ideas implemented by the Emirates Airlines are certainly helpful for the growth of the company in New Zealand. Threat: The existing rival companies are the major threats towards the company. The increasing price of fuel is also a major problem for the company. Maintenance of low service charge is affecting the quality of services offered by Emirates Airlines. Marketing strategy of Emirates Airlines As the Emirates Airlines is experiencing strong competition, it is found that this company is growing fast. The Emirates Airlines is aggressively pursuing larger market share in developed countries, especially in New Zealand, Australia, and the United Kingdom. Market scope concentrates more on the family market segment, which will result in increasing awareness as well as market share. Market Geography: the Emirates Airlines is concentrating to spread their business across the domestic boundary, which may result in increasing growth in market share, profits, and growth in international market, especially in New Zealand. Marketing mix strategy: Product Strategy: the Emirates Airlines is offering special services which are unique and better from the other companies. This step will be helpful to enhance the sales and market share of the company in New Zealand. Pricing Strategy: the Emirates Airlines is offering a better package of services in lower prices than that of the competitors. They are exclusively offering ticket for the children in half price and the children who are under three can enjoy flight for Free. Promotion Strategy: the Emirates Airlines is using common media as well as social media (online) in order to promote their services, which in turn increased their sale from 3% to 5% in New Zealand. Stakeholders contribution According to Holland (2010), the main stakeholders of the Emirates Airlines are customers, shareholders, the government, the employees and the media. It is found that the commitments of the staffs are the key to the increasing reputation and business of the Emirate Group. Without the active involvement of the staffs it was impossible to reach the position where the company now belongs to. On the other hand, the dedication and trust of the shareholders were also very helpful to increase the profitability of this company. Billions of dollars were invested by the shareholders, which were used to develop the infrastructure of the Emirates Airlines. On the other hand, the contribution and the constant support from the government were helpful for the growth of the company. The contribution of the media to to promote the services of Emirates Airlines is also admirable. Customer expectations The Emirates Airlines is renowned for their generous services at low prices. Therefore, the consumers in New Zealand will also expect to receive the same. From the study of Cheng et al. (2014), it is found that the airlines companies, which offer their services in New Zealand, are all expensive. Therefore, it can be said that they are looking forward to use Emirates Airlines services for their less charges. Financial consideration The current revenue of this company increased 13.43% in 2014 from the last year (2013). The operating profit of the Emirates Airlines doubled in the year of 2014. Therefore, it can be said that this company has more in their pouch to enhance their services in New Zealand. The net profit level of Emirates Airlines this year is 41.9%. The profit attributable to the Emirates Owner is +42.53%. Conclusion After reviewing the marketing strategy of the Emirates Airlines and their current position in the international it can be concluded that this company has the potentiality to enhance their business in New Zealand. After SWOT and PEST analysis it is recognized that the Emirates Airlines have the strong economic background and high resources, which is indeed helpful for the growth of the company in this country. On the other hand, it is recognized that level of profit is already high enough to implement new technologies and services in the system. However, the rising price of fuel is a threat for the business, which needs to be handled carefully. Recommendation After reviewing the present status of the Emirates Airlines, the following recommendations can be made to enhance the quality service of the company in New Zealand and enhance their business- The company needs to assess the customer needs in the New Zealand before launching new services The Emirates Airlines needs to assess the current market of New Zealand before launching new services. The Emirates Airlines needs to find out a better substitute of the traditional fuel at lower costs. Reference Al-Ali, H. A., Ahmad, S. Z. (2014). Etihad Airlines: growth through successful strategic partnerships.Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies,4(5), 1-17. Alkaabi, K., Debbage, K., Touq, A. B. (2013). The promise of the aerotropolis model in the United Arab Emirates: The role of spatial proximity and global connectivity.The Arab World Geographer,16(3), 289-312. Alserhan, B. A. (2010). Islamic branding: A conceptualization of related terms.The Journal of Brand Management,18(1), 34-49. Aranjo, B. S., Hughes, B. R., Chaudry, H. N. (2012). Performance investigation of ground cooling for the airbus A380 in the United Arab Emirates.Applied Thermal Engineering,36, 87-95. Barros, C. P., Wanke, P. (2015). An analysis of African airlines efficiency with two-stage TOPSIS and neural networks.Journal of Air Transport Management,44, 90-102. Bel, G., Fageda, X. (2010). Intercontinental flights from European airports: Towards hub concentration or not?.International Journal of Transport Economics/Rivista internazionale di economia dei trasporti, 133-153. Bergstrm, J., Henriqson, E., Dahlstrm, N. (2011). From crew resource management to operational resilience. InThe fourth resilience engineering symposium(pp. 36-42). Collection Sciences conomiques, Presses des Mines. Bloch, R. (2010). Dubai's long goodbye.International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,34(4), 943-951. Bronsvoort, J., McDonald, G., Potts, R., Gutt, E. (2011). Enhanced descent wind forecast for aircraft. InProceedings of the Ninth USA/Europe Air Traffic Management Research and Development Seminar (ATM2011), Berlin, Germany. Cheng, K., Chen, H. P., Lai, W., Li, C. (2014). Country image effect on services: a study of consumers evaluation of foreign airlines.Journal of Global Marketing,27(1), 1-12. Demil, B., Lecocq, X. (2010). Business model evolution: in search of dynamic consistency.Long range planning,43(2), 227-246. Dobruszkes, F., Van Hamme, G. (2011). The impact of the current economic crisis on the geography of air traffic volumes: an empirical analysis.Journal of transport geography,19(6), 1387-1398. Emirates, A. (2010). Emirates Airline Careers.Emirates Airlines Online Booking. Forsyth, P. (2014). Is it in Germany's economic interest to allow Emirates to fly to Berlin? A framework for analysis.Journal of Air Transport Management,41, 38-44. Grimme, W. (2011). The growth of Arabian airlines from a German perspectiveA study of the impacts of new air services to Asia.Journal of Air Transport Management,17(6), 333-338. Gustavo, N. (2013). Marketing management trends in tourism and hospitality industry: Facing the 21st century environment.International Journal of Marketing Studies,5(3), 13. Hazledine, T. (2011). Legacy carriers fight back: Pricing and product differentiation in modern airline marketing.Journal of Air Transport Management,17(2), 130-135. Holland, M. J. (2010). Antitrust and the Airlines: The Pursuit of Market Intelligence Meets The Sherman Act.Journal of Transportation Law, Logistics, and Policy,77(4), 307. Jang, B. (2011). The Dogfight Over Canadian Skies; Emirates Airlines Push for More Landing Rights Has Hackles Raised at Air Canada, Lufthansa and Other Old-Guard Airlines.The Globe and Mail, (15). Michael, I., Armstrong, A., Badran, B., King, B. (2011). Dubai outbound tourism: An exploratory study of Emiratis and expatriates.Journal of Vacation Marketing,17(1), 83-91. Nataraja, S., Al-Aali, A. (2011). The exceptional performance strategies of Emirate Airlines.Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal,21(5), 471-486. Nyarko, Y. (2010).The United Arab Emirates: some lessons in economic development(No. 2010, 11). Working paper//World Institute for Development Economics Research. OConnell, J. F. (2011). The rise of the Arabian Gulf carriers: An insight into the business model of Emirates Airline.Journal of Air Transport Management,17(6), 339-346. OConnor, K., Fuellhart, K. (2012). Cities and air services: the influence of the airline industry.Journal of Transport Geography,22, 46-52. Parker, A. (2012). Emirates: A Perspective on Issues in Canadian Aviation.Air and Space Law,37(6), 419-430. Pickering, S., Weber, L. (2013). Policing transversal borders.The Borders of Punishment. Migration, Citizenship, and Social Exclusion, 93-110. Ringbeck, J. . R. G. E. N., Starr, R. A. N. D. Y., Manning, C. H. R. I. S. (2010). The airlines global dilemma.Strategy+ Business, 1-4. Schaberg, C. (2012). Flying Objects, Sitting Still, Killing Time.Transformations 22: Hyperaesthetic Culture. Schmith, S. (2010). Expanding trade financing opportunities through Islamic finance.ITA, vie ed,21.

Balance sheet ratios Essay Example

Balance sheet ratios Essay The balance sheet is only a snapshot of the business at a particular moment in time. Therefore, any ratios based on balance sheet figures like the liquidity ratios may not be representative of the financial position of the business for the whole year. For example, the stocks and debtors may be low at the balance sheet date, and the liquidity ratios may also be low as a result. Benchmarking practice is a mean to promote continuous improvement in organisational performance. Also, it has stressed the importance of initiating a benchmarking project only after going through a detailed analysis of competitive dimensions and business processes most in need of improvement. In doing that the benchmarking team not only guarantees that the project will be aligned with strategic objectives and needs, it also provides a basis for learning what a companys weakness and strengths are. According to Carpinetti and Melo (2002) that the fist step is to gather information on product characteristics, target customer and markets, competitive priorities, manufacturing and financial strategies and general areas for improvements. This will help to understand what dimensions and activities are most crucial to competitiveness. This step will need to gather information on customer expectations and perceived quality for different categories of customers or products and rank relative importance of requisites for most important customers. Also, gather information on performance against competitors in attending customer expectations. This helps to identify dimensions most in need of improvement. Then, map all the processes and activities belonging to or supporting the value adding chain and understand their relationship with the dimensions most in need of improvement. This process helped by constructing a matrix relating processes to dimensions and focus on the attention on the processes and activities that most impact performance on prioritised competitive dimensions. It this step, conduct a qualitative or quantitative assessment of performance of the critical processes and activities is necessary in order to diagnosis the current situation to realising what areas or activities are the weak points and need to be addressed. We will write a custom essay sample on Balance sheet ratios specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Balance sheet ratios specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Balance sheet ratios specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Quantitative information can reveal areas and dimensions in need of improvement. After performing the analysis proposed in steps 1 to 5, the dimensions and activities most in need of improvements become evident. From this point onwards, the benchmarking project itself can start for those subjects for which a benchmarking application is considered to be adequate. To become a World Class Company, management need to benchmark other world class companys performance to improve current performance for greater achievement in business. But, first, companies need to understand which company to benchmark and what is worth to benchmark, so that when benchmarked can lead own company to become excellent in performances. From there, we can set on new strategies to achieve better performance and win over our competitors. Therefore, a proper selection of the companies to benchmark must include the competitors as well. In juxtaposition, all methods used in this report are useful in many ways in finance decision making. The methods will be used to analyse financial statements and collect as much information as possible to make right decision in the business.

What a Legal Clinic Is

What a Legal Clinic Is A legal clinic (also called a law school clinic or law clinic) is a program organized through law school that allows students to receive law school credit as they work part-time in real (not simulated) legal service atmospheres. In legal clinics, students perform various tasks just as an attorney would do in the same job position, such as doing legal research, drafting briefs and other legal documents, and interviewing clients. Many jurisdictions even allow students to appear in court on behalf of clients, even in criminal defense. Most law clinics are open only to third-year law students, although some schools may provide opportunities for second-year students as well. Legal clinics are generally pro bono,  i.e., offering free legal services to clients, and supervised by law professors. There is usually no classroom component in legal clinics. Participating in a legal clinic is a great way for students to gain hands-on experience before heading off into the job market. Legal clinics are available in many areas of law, including but not limited to: Community legal servicesCriminal lawElder lawEnvironmental lawFamily lawHuman rightsImmigration lawTax law Renowned Clinics at Law Schools Across the Nation Stanford Law School’s Three Strikes Project is a great example of a law clinic dealing with criminal justice. The Three Strikes project provides representation to convicts serving life sentences under California’s three-strikes law for committing minor, non-violent felonies.   One of the many clinics at the University of Texas Law School is the Immigration Clinic. As part of the Immigration Clinic, law students represent â€Å"vulnerable low-income immigrants from all over the world† in federal courts before the Department of Homeland Security. Georgetown University Law School’s clinic offerings have earned it the number one ranking for â€Å"Best Clinical Training†. Ranging from Affordable Housing Transactions to Social Enterprise and Nonprofit clinics, the majority of Georgetown University Law School’s clinics involve extensive engagement with the D.C. community. One highlight of their offerings is the Center for Applied Legal Studies, which represents refugees seeking political asylum in the United States due to threatened persecution in their home countries. Lewis and Clark Law School has an International Environmental Law Project clinic that allows law students to work on real-world environmental legal issues. Past projects have included working with groups to protect endangered species and working to create new laws to protect the environment.   At Northwestern University’s Pritzker School of Law, students help clients who are appealing their cases in the Seventh Circuit and the United States Supreme Court through the Appellate Advocacy Center clinic. There are even clinics that work solely on cases associated with the highest court in the country: the Supreme Court. Supreme Court clinics can be found at Stanford Law School, New York University Law School, Yale Law School, Harvard Law School, University of Virginia Law School, University of Texas Law School, Emory University Law School, Northwestern University Law School, University of Pennsylvania Law School, and Southwestern University Law School. Supreme Court clinics write and file amicus briefs, petitions for certiorari, and merits briefs.   Legal clinic offerings vary greatly in both number and type by school, so be sure to investigate carefully while  choosing a law school. Legal clinical experience is highly recommended for law students; it looks great on your resume plus it gives you the chance to try out an area of law before committing to it in a full-time job.

World Relief jurnal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

World Relief jurnal - Essay Example Its activity is centered on the material and spiritual support of children refugees and immigrants. World Relief is helping over 4 million people a year and its staff of volunteers is nearly 100,000 (World Relief Website). Career opportunities, offered by World Relief are available at a lot of locations, including the benefit of package of employment status, such as insurance of life and heath, retirement programs and so on. Employment services work collaborate adult refugees in order to help them to find full-time work and provide resources and education to remain employment in their workplace. World Relief is like an intermediator between clients and employers, so one can quickly find employment and become useful for community. Personnel of World Relief are caring about their clients staffing needs and interview them during the process of advocating for placement and job search. World Relief`s aim is to place refugees at work during three months after their arrival. They provide a review of education and work backgrounds and skills to determine tailored plan of service. The organization is trying to build long-term relationships with employers, which leads to the zero cost in job searching of the refugee. In the area of medicine World Relief includes five programs that provide medical equipment and supplies throughout the world for the people with low-income at little cost or in free way. These programs are: Local Shipping Program  (It provides such items as dressings, nutritional supplements. It may give blankets, hygiene and school kits for homeless and the poor. World Medical Relief gives medical support and equipment to local clinics other non-profit health organizations) In 2008 feeding centers of World Relief organization provided people with nourishing food. Thousands of children aged before 5 and their mothers were given corn soya blend and plumpynut (World Relief Website). Others

The relationship between theory and practice in a documentary Essay

The relationship between theory and practice in a documentary - Essay Example The concept of horror movies is definitely mysterious but in reality a phobia for ghostly matter does operates. But a documentary is more realistic in approach and there is no willing suspension of disbelieve on the part of  audiences and spectators. It provides an opportunity to peep into the lives of the others and witness their dilemmas and problems from a sociological perspective. The lives of the characters depicted in a documented film are more realistic and they belong to the same historical period of the audiences. However, it is ‘not a reproduction of reality, it is a representation of the world we already occupy’ (Nichols, 2001, p20). The subject matter of documentaries generally focuses on the social, political, economic, educational or environmental issues. In this respect, the documentary- ‘Panorama: British Schools, Islamic Rules’ has succeeded in exploring the rapid growth of new private schools in Britain influenced by the teachings of the extremists  and fundamental groups, It is a documentary to investigate into the act of segregation conducted by the one faith school.  Ã‚   The documentary begins with an investigating spirit. It states in the introductory scene that over 95 percent of the schools in Britain favor communal harmony but there has been noticed the small but rapid growth of private schools ad Muslim state schools. John ware is the reporter for this documentary and aims to find out whether these schools are encouraging acts of segregation or not. In a documentary those issues are brought into notice that is ‘subject to debate’ (Nichols, 2001, p 49). The first Muslim school established in Britain is the Al-Furqan Primary School but it prepares it students to be tolerant towards other religions and faiths. It is evident from the keeping of various idols, beads etc of different faiths in the

Causes and effects of obesity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Causes and effects of obesity - Essay Example The modern life has become so mechanical that people find it hard to find time for cooking at home. Although the standard of living has improved in general, yet many people have to spend most of their day at the workplace in order to make both ends meet. In such a hectic routine, purchasing ingredients from the market and cooking food at home is not only a time consuming activity, but also proves far more expensive than a burger with coke and French fries at a nearby restaurant. Therefore, most of the working people opt for fast food. Fast food owners sell their business on the theme of upsizing. People do not realize but the fast food adds kilos of fat under their skin in no time. In addition to consuming junk food, people’s lack of tendency to exercise and work out regularly also makes them gain weight. Most people do not have a habit of going on a walk or doing exercise because it feels just too boring and tiresome to adopt as a habit. Whenever people find some time in the busy routine, an obvious choice is to watch a new movie or enjoy ice-cream at the nearest parlor. People eat not because they are feeling hungry. Instead, they eat because they want to kill the time in an enjoyable manner. Also, in the contemporary age, eating junk food has become more of a fashion than a hobby.

Effect of Middle level managers on Employee Turnover

Effect of Middle level managers on Employee Turnover Abstract Management at any organization can be classified into three levels and they are Top level, middle level and low level management. Each level of management has its roles and responsibilities to be executed for the better functioning of the organization. Middle level mangers play a key role in any organization. They are point of contact for many of the resources across the top level and low level management. There were many cases where high level management contacts the middle level mangers for several operational issues with low level management and even low level management has made the middle level managers as the single point of contact in order to resolve their issues. Usually the job profiles in middle level management differ based on the organization structure and number of employees operating in a particular division. There were many research and theoretical aspects, that has proved middle level management has nothing to do with turnover of an organization. This particular turnover is not and no where related to revenue terms and this entire discussion is based on the turnover of employees and their work done. Here, we can review an article â€Å"Effect of Middle level managers on Employee Turnover† published by Mr. Morgen S. Johansen. In this particular article author mainly concentrates on High level and middle level manager and their impact on the overall employee satisfaction that results in the turnover of the organization. This review is published in â€Å"Department of Political Science, Texas AM University†. The results and their impact are discussed in the public management literature. Introduction Public management is a vast subject and if any one is interested in studying this particular subject, the most important area to be concentrated is the relationship and level of interactions between mangers and workers, and the result of work done which is affected by their levels of interactions.(Frederickson and Smith 2003, p98 ). After much research, the most important aspect came in to light is that, maximum study of public management is concentrated on the relationship between management activities and output of work and has neglected the relationship between management and workers (Meier and OToole 2002, 2001; Goerdel 2006; Brewer and Selden 2000; Walker and Boyne 2006; Moynihan and Pandey 2005; see also Lynn, Heinrich, and Hill 2001; although see Ingraham, Joyce, and Donahue 2003). This particular negligence of management on employees has become the main drawback and is affecting the organization performance a lot. The management should understand this effect of performance on organization turnover and proper steps are required to get rid of these activities. Lack of attention on workers may definitely affect the employee performance. A deep focus on relationship between management and workers is required to understand the few aspects like whether management is effecting the employee performance or employee performance is effecting the management. To concentrate more on this, the basic management activity like Human Resource can be considered, as it is the core functionalitys of any management (Daley 2005). Typical management activities include providing better workplace needs, recruiting right resources, training them to develop their skills and finally motivating and encouraging them in many aspects (Ingraham, Joyce, and Donahue 2003). In simple words Human Capital can be considered as biggest asset of any organization. Short Literature Review As per the previous discussion, Human Resource can be considered as the biggest asset of any organization and maintaining it effectively will always result a positive impact on both employee and organization performance (Ingraham, Joyce, and Donahue 2003;Daley 2005). According to Author, for better understanding of relationship between management and work outcomes, one should concentrate on the missing term i.e. Workers. Thus, in determining how management matters, the question becomes, what effect does management have on workers? In order answer these questions, author mainly concentrated on the effect of management on the turnover of street level. Turnover has a major role in building the organization performance. As per author, turnover is directly related to work satisfaction and this particular work satisfaction from workers side is essential for any organization for its effective operations and performance. Workers may not perform well and in some cases, they may leave the org anization, if the work or job satisfaction is not up to the level. All these factors make turnover as a bad thing for any organization and should be managed properly (Mobley 1982). Consequences and causes of Turnover As per author reviews, high turnover always poses a negative impact on organization performance (Meier and Hicklin 2008; Brill and McCartney 2008). Turnover has much importance, as it could be considered as the main factor that affects the costs in many aspects like lost recruiting, interviewing, training, and socialization investments (Mobley 1982). Apart from all these factors, turnover can also affect the morality of any company (Rainey 2003) and can cause a huge of scope of disturbance is in the smooth flow of the organization like social and communication platforms (Mobley 1982). Economy, inflation and labor force composition can be considered as external cause, that cant be controlled with in management. Several organization factors also effects the turnover and few of them are size of organization and each department, work pressures and salary (Mobley 1982). The compensation workers receive is a strong predictor of turnover (Mobley 1982; Moynihan and Pandey 2008; Selden and M oynihan 2000; Theobald 1990). Workers should be at a satisfaction level of their pay. This particular satisfaction can be measured with respective to their cost of living and the work place conditions. Even the fiscal resources of the organization affect the turnover. The fiscal resources of an organization matter because an organization with more resources is more likely to provide supplies, training, and other resources that better enable workers to do their jobs. Apart from these, there were many individual factors that effect the turnover and one among them is the work satisfaction (Nigro, Nigro, and Kellough 2007 ), for all these managers are responsible for building up the confidence levels and turnover too. Methodologies and drawbacks The basic methodology implemented by author is to study the relationship between management and workers and their total effect on the turnover. He has collected data from many aspects and concluded that middle level management poses a negative impact on the turnover. Turnover and Management Turnover is something that must be managed (Mobley 1982). The impact study of Human resource management can be considered as the best among the methodologies used by author to explain the turnover. HR management is directly related to job satisfaction and it strongly influences the organization performance (Mobley 1982; Riccucci 2005). In simple words, management can impact the job satisfaction, as mangers are the key persons who can make the workers not to dissatisfy (Riccucci 2005). Job satisfaction can be considered as a typical measurement factor, that how an organization body behaves and treats the employees (Mobley 1982; Morrell, Loan-Clarke, and Wilkinson 2001). Hiring the right persons, who can adjust to the organization environment and worker, is the primary task of any manager. Moreover, the support workers have from management (Parker 2002; Moynihan and Pandey 2008) also matters. Apart from HR management, budgeting also effects the job satisfaction of employees (Donahue et al. 2004). As per author methodology, there is a very tight relation between pay of the organization and turnover (Mobley 1982; Moynihan and Pandey 2008; Selden and Moynihan 2000; Theobald 1990). Managers are responsible here because, they were the key persons t decide the word on budgeting and many other aspects like distributing the available budget to several departments, employee salaries and reserves etc (Gulick 1937; Mintzberg 1979; Donahue et al. 2004). Drawbacks and un-answered questions on this methodology Author has given an excellent discussion, on the relationship between mangers and covered all important aspects of management activities. Apart from the positive aspects, there were many aspects author could not cover and few questions that were un-answered, and few of them are discussed below †¢ Author has missed to clearly explain the exact level of management that was affecting the turnover and job satisfaction. He always refers that it the responsibility of management, but no where he mentioned that middle level mangers are responsible and this does not fit as per the article title. †¢ Human resource management is directly focused in this article. Even there were many cases, where HR is not morally responsible for job satisfaction. The best example could be, even there exists a separate policy to motivation and job satisfaction, the attitude of any single employee can effect the entire division. †¢ There were no special case studies included, where the author can support that budgeting can effect the job satisfaction. Even a good budget can meet the requirements of workers. Multi-level management The second methodology considered by author is the important aspect and is Multi-level management. In a multinational organization, there could be always a scope for multi levels of management. At each level there are different managers with their own roles and responsibilities (Riccucci 2005; Lynn, Heinrich, and Hill 2001). Thus, to really determine if management affects workers, we need to look at managers at more than one level and their effect on street level bureaucrats. So, they can directly effect the salaries and the respective job satisfaction with respective to the pay outs. Organization goals are also set by top level management and as per first hypothesis of author â€Å"Hypothesis 1: Upper level managers will have an impact on turnover†. Apart from Upper level manger, middle level mangers are also responsible for many factors that directly affect the turnover. This is because; middle level mangers are the key persons, with whom the low level managers and workers are in contact (Mintzberg 1979; Barnard 1938). As middle level managers are close to workers, all the issues related to worker job satisfaction are directly influenced by middle level managers and thus author concludes his second hypothesis as â€Å"Hypothesis 2: Middle level managers will have an impact on turnover †. Drawbacks and un-answered questions on this methodology Author has justified the classification of levels in management in an organization and their respective impact on the job satisfaction and turnover. Apart from these, there were many points that were missed and few of them are highlighted below: †¢ Author could have classified the roles and responsibilities of different management levels, but failed to explain their respective level of impact on the overall job satisfaction. †¢ There was no percentages sort of things, like what percentage of upper management affects the turnover when compared to middle level management. †¢ Again the focus has been divided among upper and middle level mangers, but there is no special theory that could explain the view of author, that only middle level management has imposed negative effect on turnover. Organization size The third and most important methodology considered by author is the Organization size. Organization size badly affects the turnover of any organization and this is due to the reasons that big organizations are designed in a critical and more complicated manner (Rainey 2003). Considering all these reviews, author concludes that smaller organization pose more negative results on turnover when compared to larger organizations and came up with his third hypothesis on this as â€Å"Hypothesis 3: Management will have an impact on turnover in smaller organizations but not in larger organizations.† But when inner details are considered and also in ideal cases, even there exists many issues that effect the turnover with HR managers and this does not support the third hypothesis and author has came up with his fourth hypothesis as â€Å"Hypothesis 4a: In large organizations, upper level management will have an impact on turnover †. As already discusses by author, upper level ma nagers are always responsible in setting high level standards like budgeting and financial issues. But if a smaller organization is considered, both the upper level and middle level managers are responsible and author came up with newer version of his hypothesis as â€Å"Hypothesis 4b: In small organizations, upper level and middle level management will have an impact on turnover †. Drawbacks and un-answered questions on this methodology In this particular methodology, author has came with good hypothesis on the organization size and its relation with upper and middle level management, apart from these, there are many issues with his and few of them are discusses below †¢ As per author, organization size effects the turnover and here he could not explain the how the organization size is effecting the job satisfaction of employees. †¢ Author has mixed his hypothesis with the previous methodologies and could not justify the hypothesis as it was done in the previous case. †¢ Again upper level and middle level management were brought into picture, but no justification was done how, only middle level managers are responsible for turnover of employees. Review and critics on methodologies followed When the employee turnover does become complicated? Author could not to able to explain the intensity of effect caused by the employee turnover. As per the review of author, he could not explain the range of turnover tolerable in any organization. There were cases, where employee turnover can positively affect the organization performance and author could not cover the positive side of this article. (http://www.cipd.co.uk/subjects/hrpract/turnover/empturnretent.htm) How to measure employee turnover? Author is successful in explaining the levels of management and their effect on turnover, but failed to explain the methodologies adopted to measure the employee turnover. The best way to measure this employee turnover is as below (Total number of leavers over period/Average total number employed over period) * 100 (http://www.cipd.co.uk/subjects/hrpract/turnover/empturnretent.htm) Author could not justify the reasons for which the employees leaving the organization and special definition is derived for this. How employee turnover does effects the cost to organization? Author could not explain the effects of employee turnover on the cost perspective of any organization. As per this article, middle level mangers are posing negative employee turnover rates, and let us the actual ones as below The following are the cost terms to be measured †¢ recruiting costs †¢ training cost †¢ administrative costs †¢ induction costs If one can observe these cost factors, all these are related to middle level managers and at the same time, cost cutting activities are no where related to middle level management and directly related to upper level of mangers, as they are responsible for budgeting issues. Thus even HR activities and their impact on employee turnover are related to upper level management indirectly and could not justify the authors review discussion. (http://www.cipd.co.uk/subjects/hrpract/turnover/empturnretent.htm) Why do people leave organization? Usually employees resign, to the job because of many reasons like getting a good offer and may be due to many personal reasons. All these are missing in authors discussion, where he just concentrated on the management defects. How to retain employees? Author is successful in explaining the bad affects of employee turnover, and failed to give methods to retain the employees. When coming to management side, even they are responsible to retain the employees and this part is completely missed in authors review of the article. (http://www.cipd.co.uk/subjects/hrpract/turnover/empturnretent.htm) Lack of any survey reports Author has missed the practical implementation of things. He could have managed to explain the hypothesis derived by him, and failed to submit any practical reports on his discussions. The actual survey reports may not be in synch with authors discussion and few of them can be downloaded from the below referred URL (http://www.cipd.co.uk/subjects/hrpract/turnover/empturnretent.htm) How to prevent turnover? Author could not explain and suggest any preventive mechanisms for low employee turnover rate and few of them can be found under (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnover_(employment)) Arent Middle level managers employees in an organization? Author has concluded that middle level managers are more responsible for high employee turnover. Here, he has just failed to explain, if the job satisfaction of middle level mangers is low, even there are chances, where they may skip the organization and he could not suggested how upper level managers are responsible in retaining the middle level employees. Conclusion Employee turnover, which is rate of gaining or loosing the employees in an organization (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnover_(employment)) has become major disadvantage for many organizations and there were many factors to cause this. The most important aspects to be considered are the management issues (Riccucci 2005). Different levels of organization have their own impact on employee turnover these days. As per discussion on the review part, it the middle level mangers, who effect the employee turnover of the organization. There were multi-level organization and each of them has their own standards to measure the turnover. Upper level management is responsible for high end activities like budgeting and designing organization size. Middle level management is mainly responsible for typical HR acts like hiring, training and development. The main focus is done middle level managers as per the title of the article, but fewer topics were covered to explain the same, as per author. Proper set of standards while hiring the employees can be the best solution for this situation. The quality in training and motivation to employees can stop them in jumping here and there. Good development opportunities and job satisfaction for employees can make middle level managers more confident in reducing their part in turnover aspects. If author could have covered inner details of management, this article could be the best. Author has given excellent justifications for many aspects like, level of management and organization size and their effect on turnover. All the methodologies covered by him are much qualitative approaches and could have suggested methods for less employee turnover rate. Examples could have helped for better understanding of the article. References Aldrich, Howard and Ellen R. 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Selden. 2004. â€Å"Management and Performance Outcomes in State Government. † In The Art of Governance, Patricia W. Ingraham and Laurence E. Lynn, Eds. Georgetown University Press. Ehrenberg, Ronald G., Richard P. Chaykowski, and Randy A. Ehrenberg. 1988. â€Å"Determinants of the Compensation and Mobility of School Superintendents.† Industrial and Labor Relations Review 41: 386-401. Frederickson, H. George and Kevin B. Smith. 2003. The Public Administration Theory Primer. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Goerdel, Holly. 2006. â€Å"Taking Initiative: Proactive Management and Organizational Performance in Networked Environments.† Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 16(3): 351-67. Hayes, William. 2004. So You Want to be a Principal? Lanham, MD: Rowman Littlefield. Ingraham, Patricia W., Philip G. Joyce, and Amy Kneedler Donahue. 2003. Government Performance: Why Management Matters. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. 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Essay --

Witness, A Classic Novel Witness, a Newbery Medal awarded novel, was one of the many novels created by Karen Hesse, a wonderful author who has taught kids and children about the past, has made a very interesting book about life that exists on a foundation of segregation and hatred. Racism as we all know it is very disturbing, annoying, and is not tolerable. This story is based on life on a foundation of segregation and dangers of racism. This one novel is placed in a small, under-populated city of Vermont, where a family of three, the Sutters, another family of 3, the Hirsch's with a caring person, named Sara Chickering, and some people face many problems and solutions in their lives. As racism continues on to thrive in the town, Esther Hirsh, becomes a young girl who also faces discrimination only because she was a Jewish. In the same school as Esther, was a young African-American girl named Leonora who faces bully about almost every day, and everywhere, just because of her race. Her family is very well in poverty, and her mother is badly sick. She died later that month. In one quote,†Why can’t white folks leave me alone?†(P7), explains how excruciating racism was. As the storyline progresses into the center of the story, Leonora saves Esther from a passenger train, everybody knows it as the â€Å"Heaven Train.† Esther wanted to meet her mother on the train who died when she was just a tiny little young girl, perhaps at the age of four or five. Leonora understood her but she didn’t want her to go because Esther was perhaps her only best friend. Back in the transition from the beginning of the story, Esther also saved Leonora’s life from the chilling winter cold. Sara Chickering, the caretaker of Esther, fina... ... the bridge to convince Johnny to get back down. â€Å"I’m afraid of the Klan,† he said. Then he surprisingly†¦ just jumped. All these scenes were all real, it all happened from 1920-1927. Karen witnessed a lot of horrors, but also some happiness. She did that by just simply writing books, novels and poetry. She mostly writes her novels in poetic form, what everybody does not usually do. This book inspired me and a lot to perhaps write a lot about the past, and admire and appreciate the present and what will happen in the future. It also taught me many lessons about the important things, like the history of the KKK and what they did, also the history of segregation and how this country was broken up into pieces and how they were sawn back together. So this book is a very useful tool in learning and understanding and should be brought down from generation to generation...

Website Development on Product Price

Elements Determination Sample Preparation Conclusion _ Recommendations The problem of getting exact price information on several stores is quite a big concern towards middle income citizen, and much for lower, especially during the economic crisis which caused the increase of goods price as a whole. The presence of big retail stores drowns the smaller stores in terms of discount, advertising, and convenience of the building. But actually the price is more or less the same or the price at smaller stores and eventually cheaper than the big retail stores.Small retail tores seem to be camouflaged by big company, and at the end of the day, the small stores will shut down. On the other hand, people who really concern about money, everything to purchase needs to be calculated precisely, so that they do not over budget. The above phenomenon seems to cause this group of people having no choice, but to purchase at the so-called big convenience store at higher price. Besides, those who are more energetic, they might visit one store to another, Just to do the price comparison.Thus, this study provides solution by developing website on goods price and information from several retail stores. This will be done by gathering and publishing price information from participated retail stores in selected area into the integrated service broker website. This website will act as a service broker by connecting the businesses with the people. This study believes that by providing information of goods to the people through website, this will make people's life easier and effective, and cost saving.

What Techniques are Involved in Green Computing Essays

What Techniques are Involved in Green Computing Essays What Techniques are Involved in Green Computing Essay What Techniques are Involved in Green Computing Essay Green computing can be thought of as an environmentally conscious effort to make long-term computing sustainable by using energy efficient methods. The goals of green computing are similar to those of green chemistry, which try to minimize hazardous material use, maximize efficiency and enhance recyclability. Yet all this extra effort put into designs has a negative impact on system throughput. Therefore the question is posed, is the extra overhead involved in designing superior data centers, optimizing software algorithms, improving power management and recycling materials worth the benefits in the field of green computing? I believe they are as we are slowly running out of resources. Yet others take a stance that this will negatively affect system performance while computers are only a small percentage of the problem compared to vehicles which should be addressed first. Generally, data centers have an energy density of 100 to 200 an equally sized office building. (U. S. Department of Energy, 2011) Although most datacenters have a small design window which prevents new ideas for being used in favor of proven methods, taking the time to select a more efficient design can help immensely with the long term operating cost. U. S. Department of Energy, 2011) As IT loads account for around half the facilities energy consumption, choosing more expensive high efficiency machines will help reduce the necessary cooling and operating cost. (U. S. Department of Energy, 2011) Rack mounted servers are usually underutilized running around 20% of their working capacity yet consuming close to the full running energy. (U. S. Department of Energy, 2011) The Energy Star helps distinct regular servers from a high-efficiency machine; they will on average be 30% more efficient. (U. S.  Department of Energy, 2011) Power management which is referred to as Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) is used by manufacturers to allow software to interface with the underlying hardware and alter the power settings. This system allows the computer to go into sleep, hibernate and power off monitors. The processor’s power management techniques such as Intel’s †SpeedStep† and AMD’s â€Å"Cool’n’Quite† allow the clock speed to be altered to different predefined states (known as P-states) which decease power consumption at the expense of speed during periods of low activity. It is generally advisable to run tasks in blocks and turn off systems after to extend component life. (Roy Bag) Power management can possibly cause system failure, yet that must be assessed against the energy savings it can provide in non-mission critical applications. Multi-core processors allow significant energy savings on both the processing end and on the cooling end if the software is capable of taking advantage of the hardware. (U. S.  Department of Energy, 2011) Multi-threaded applications are become common with the advances in hardware, as more programmers focus on making more efficient programs it will be viable to upgrade older hardware for newer systems. An industry leader in server processors Sun Microsystems is focusing on multi-core chips for the future. (Roy Bag) The Niagara 1, Ultrasparc 1 has an average 60 watt power consumption while running 32 threads, while the Niagara 2 will have 64 threads at 80 watts of power. Roy Bag) The power savings compared to an Intel Pentium 4 with 2 threads consuming 89 to 103 watts clearly show the improvement in technology. (Intel Pentium 4 3. 4 GHz RK80546PG0961M (BX80546PG3400E)) Providing one power supply per server rack instead of one per server can offer savings around $2,000 to $6,000 per rack, these estimates take into consider the cooling system and interruptible power supplies. (U. S. Department of Energy, 2011) Blade servers are the key in this field. Blade servers are space and energy conscious design that allows common components such as power supplies and the cooling system to be common to a set of machines. Although they require an initial investment of the blade enclosure and compatible blade modules which are proprietary to each manufacturer the savings are considered to be worth it. (U. S. Department of Energy, 2011) Virtualization allows multiple independent operating systems to run on a single physical computer via the use of a hypervisor. (U. S. Department of Energy, 2011) Virtualization permits better use of hardware, instead of running multiple servers at a low utilization state, it is possible to run multiple â€Å"guest† operating systems on a virtualization cluster which can significantly decrease the required hardware. Although the hardware needs to super support hardware assisted virtualization, many free open source solutions exist for the hypervisor. However some overhead is required to run the hypervisor that controls the guest operating systems, it is trivial compared to the energy savings. (U. S.  Department of Energy, 2011) The efficiency of an algorithm has a significant effect on the resources it consumes, be it CPU time or memory, this is called the space-time tradeoff. Linear search algorithms have always been considered to be slower than indexed searches. Although an index table must be maintained, the efficiency gains on a large scale operation can become substantial for only a few more lines of code. Loop unwinding is a common technique to optimize programs for speed, when programs are written in a space saving mindset; loops are used to make code smaller. When optimized for speed, some unrolled loops will allow for multiple parts to be executed in parallel making better use of processing power. Storage space increases exponentially cheaper than processing power the cost in space can be considered minimal. Extending the life of hardware devices from a 3 year window can save considerably as most of the energy is spent on manufacturing. (Earth Care Tech, 2012) Recycling of computers by donating them to charities and non-profit organizations will help lengthen the life of devices with no cost to the end-user. On the other hand, taking the device to a recycling center where it can be properly dismantled and have the materials re-used can save harmful materials such as lead, cadmium and mercury from ending up in landfills. Experts say computers sometimes contain 4 to 8 pounds of lead. (Roy Bag) For printers, investing in long-life printer drums reduces e-waste for a small increase in the purchase price while inkjets can have their cartridges refill for a fraction of the cost of buying a new cartridge.

Encyclopedia of Environmental Ethics and Philosophy Essay Example

Encyclopedia of Environmental Ethics and Philosophy Essay Example Encyclopedia of Environmental Ethics and Philosophy Paper Encyclopedia of Environmental Ethics and Philosophy Paper The Encyclopedia of Environmental Ethics and Philosophy addresses the needs of upper high school students, undergraduate researchers, teachers ND professors, as well as general readers by examining the philosophical and ethical issues underlying contemporary and historical environmental issues, policies, and debates. More than 300 peer-reviewed articles cover concepts, institutions, topics, events and people, including global warming, animal rights, environmental movements, alternative energy, green chemistry, industrial ecology, and echo-sabotage. Encyclopedia of Environmental Ethics and Philosophy joins the suite of other Macmillan applied ethics titles: Encyclopedia of Bioethics and the Encyclopedia of Science, Technology, and Ethics. Additional features include 200 photographs and illustrations, thematic outline, annotated bibliography, and a comprehensive index. While Gale strives to replicate print content, some content may not be available due to rights restrictions. Call your Sales Rep for details. Ђ?Environmental ethics is the part of environmental philosophy which considers extending the traditional boundaries of ethics from solely including humans to including the non-human world. It exerts influence on a large range of disciplines including environmental law, environmental sociology, ichthyology, ecological economics, ecology and environmental geography. There are many ethical decisions that human beings make with respect to the environment. For example: Should we continue to clear cut forests for the sake of human consumption? Why should we continue to propagate our species, and life itself? 1] Should we continue to make gasoline powered vehicles? What environmental obligations do we need to keep for future Is it right for humans to knowingly cause the extinction of a species for the convenience of humanity? How should we best use and conserve the space environment to secure and expand life? 4] The academic field of environmental ethics grew up in response to the work Of scientists such as Rachel Carson and events such as the first Earth Day in 1 970, when environmentalists started urging philosophers to consider the philosophical aspects of environmental pr oblems. Two papers published in Science had a crucial impact: Lynn Whites The Historical Roots of our Ecologic Crisis (March 1 and Garrett Hardens The Tragedy of the Commons (December 1968). CA] Also influential was Garret Hardens later essay called Exploring New Ethics for Survival, as well as an essay by Aledo Leopold in his A Sand County Almanac, called The Land Ethic, in which Leopold explicitly claimed that the roots of the ecological crisis were philosophical (1949). 7] The first international academic journals in this field emerged from North America in the late sass and early sass the us-based journal Environmental Ethics in 1979 and the Canadian based journal The Trumpeter: Journal of Choppy in 1983. The first British based journal of this kind, Environmental :here are several ethical standards that seem to apply across cultures. The idea of a parents duty to his/her child, a prohibition against ailing useful members of society, and prohibition against incest are all examples of th ese universal morals. Most cultures also have some version of the golden rule: do unto others as you would have them do unto you. [2]A practicable Code of Universal Ethics was proposed by Eon Hinkler =universal Ethics is a set of principles which apply to all humans, whether secular or religious, independent from any particular faith. The compilation of Universal Ethics is not the base for a new religion: in particular it does not say anything about metaphysical or liturgical concepts of any kinds. That means that it does not give any explanation for the existence of the Universe (including the existence of man). It does not prescribe any particular ritual. It does not deal with the concept of God. It does not contain any myths, stories or immutable dogmas. Most importantly, Universal Ethics does not prescribe any formal changes for any existing or future creed. Universal Ethics are a sort of Moral Constitution which is articulated as a set of specific ethical principles acceptable to all human beings. Under this constitution all religions or secular groups can develop (or maintain) their own additional ethical principles. 1 . Worldviews and Ethical Perspective Presented by: Earner O. Riviera 2. 3. 4. There will be a time when you will have eyes but cannot see Have ears, but cannot hear Have a heart, but cannot feel Have a tongue, but cannot speak Have a mind, but cannot think And your ancestors will not recognize you 5. What are Worldviews? It refers to our personal feelings about issues regarding the environment. This includes our perspective on how the earth and its resources should be used. It is heavily influenced by the fundamental vision of reality we hold, the collection of values, perceptions and practices that organizes our lives. . Factors that influence our world views: Beliefs and practices of our family and the society Personal experiences Education 7. Dominant Worldviews Expansionist Worldview Ecological Worldview Sustainable Development 8. Expansionist Worldview Materials on earth are resources to be used to enhance human lives. The universe is a human machine that can be understood and manipulated to serve human lives. Endless material growth is necessary for human happiness. 9. Ecological Worldview The earth IS a finite system and no subsystem can exhibit endless growth. Neither the population or resource use can grow indefinitely and to behave as though it can is a threat to the natural, social and economic system. 10. Sustainable Development: Development can be achieved without compromising the environment. Incorporates parts of the two worldviews.

Innovation in management services in supply chains(SCM) Essay

Innovation in management services in supply chains(SCM) - Essay Example Importance of innovation Innovation is best described as the development and creation of unique possibilities for making value added contributions in a particular industry. The entire process of innovation goes beyond the traditional method of implementing new manufacturing processes or developing innovative products because it comprises of much broader aspects such as innovation in the market, organization and input resources (Kim, Kumar, & Kumar, 2012; Ozturen & Sevil, 2009). Innovation in tourism and hospitality industry In the last few years, the researchers such as Boon-itt and Pongpanarat (2011), Martinez-Ros and Orfila-Sintes (2009) and Spekman, Spear and Kamauff (2002) have done extensive studies on the role of innovation in service sector especially tourism and hospitality industry. Tourism and hospitality industry consists of many areas and dimensions and the study is catered across different elements. As the world has become global, travelling to different destinations wor ldwide is now the favorite leisure activity of majority of the consumers of any society. It has been reported by many countries such as France, USA, UK, Malaysia, Singapore, Turkey, China and Canada that the number of tourists is increasing at a faster pace than expected (Nassiry, Ghorban, & Nasiri, 2012). In order to provide exceptional tourism experience to the visitors, the tourism and hospitality industry of each country has to introduce innovative products and services that will meet the expectation level of the customers (Anthony, Johnson, & Sinfield, 2008). This industry is mainly made up of tour operators, travel agencies, hotels and accommodation service providers and airline companies. One of the key areas of focus by the players in the respective industry is the development of an effective Supply Chain Management (SCM) that ensures that the tourists are provided the most satisfying level of services (Zhang, Song, & Huang, 2009). Real life examples of SCM initiatives and i nnovations Since the demands of customers change at an accelerating pace in each market, it is required by every company to closely monitor the changing patterns of innovation requirements in the products and services. The customers of tourism and hospitality industry are looking for open service innovation which was the concept introduced by FedEx. Almost all the firms existing in the industry have ensured that they employ the latest technology in their services so that they have a strong presence in the market (Gunasekara, 2006). The consumers need to know about the tourism and hospitality industries so that they develop an interest in trying out the services. Some of the initiatives that have been observed in the Tourism supply chain (TSC) are integration of supplier and buyer relationship (Rizova, 2006), taking the suppliers on board when developing new products so that the feasibility of the project can be effectively designed (Handfield & Lawson, 2008) and eliminating the unne cessary intermediary steps so that the cost can be saved to a much larger extent (Miles, 2008). Such types of initiatives is a necessary act to be conducted by the organisations as